Market capitalization
Market capitalization represents the market value of a company's equity. Institution stores native-currency and USD-normalized values separately and preserves the effective timestamp used for the published ranking.
U.S. intraday estimates
During the U.S. trading session, delayed share prices may be used to scale the latest validated end-of-day market-cap baseline. This produces a useful delayed estimate without requesting a separate market-cap observation for every security on every refresh.
International markets
Supported non-U.S. exchanges are generally refreshed after market close. Whole-exchange end-of-day observations are normalized into Institution's canonical issuer and security model before they become rankable.
Multiple share classes and secondary listings
A company, security, listing and exchange are separate entities. Institution resolves a canonical issuer before ranking and does not blindly count the same issuer once for every secondary listing or depositary receipt. Legitimate share classes remain separate securities internally.
Foreign exchange
USD is the canonical comparison currency. Foreign market-cap values are converted with a validated daily FX observation. Display-currency changes do not alter ranking order.
Historical charts
Company charts primarily show historical stock prices. Ranges such as 1Y, 5Y, 10Y and MAX are derived from validated end-of-day observations and compacted for fast rendering. Institution does not label today's share count multiplied by an old price as exact historical market capitalization.
Country classification
Institution's default company country represents economic home country where reliable issuer information exists. Listing venue alone does not automatically determine the company's country.
Freshness and quality
Delayed data is not labeled real-time. If an upstream request fails or returns a suspiciously incomplete payload, Institution preserves the last known good observation and marks freshness accordingly rather than publishing zeros or malformed values.
Informational use
Market information is provided for informational purposes and may be delayed. Values can differ from official exchange or issuer figures because of timing, currency conversion, share-count changes and methodology.