Market capitalization
Institution stores issuer-level market capitalization as eligible shares outstanding multiplied by the eligible current share price when a validated issuer-level provider value is not preferred. Native values and USD-normalized values are stored separately with provider and timestamp provenance.
Multiple share classes and secondary listings
A company, security, listing and exchange are separate database entities. Institution resolves primary issuers before ranking and does not add the same issuer's full market capitalization once per ticker. ADRs and depositary receipts are mapped to the underlying issuer where reliable identifiers and ratios are available.
Foreign exchange
USD is the canonical ranking currency. Current rankings use a coherent current FX snapshot; historical market capitalization uses the historical FX rate for the observation date. Changing the display currency does not change ranking order.
Historical market capitalization
Historical values prefer point-in-time share price multiplied by point-in-time shares outstanding, or validated provider historical market capitalization. Reconstructed observations are marked Estimated when exact point-in-time shares are unavailable.
Country classification
Institution's default company country represents economic home country based primarily on headquarters or domicile and validated reference data. Exchange location alone does not determine company country.
Freshness and quality
Every important market observation can carry effective time, retrieval time, provider, confidence and quality metadata. End-of-day or delayed values are never labeled realtime, and corrupt or invalid observations are excluded from public rankings.